Idea → sentence → sound
Speaking is sentence building
In the standard model of how people speak, a speaker turns an idea into a sentence, retrieving words and fitting them into a grammatical frame, before any sound is made.
So a word helps you speak once you can place it in a sentence.
Levelt (1989), Speaking: From Intention to Articulation, MIT Press.
Notice · test · reflect
Producing shows you what is missing
Having to say or write something makes learners notice what they cannot yet express, try out how the language works, and reflect on it.
So every card in Sentinz ends with you producing, not only recognising.
Swain (1995), “Three functions of output in second language learning”, Oxford University Press.
Write it > read it
A word used in a sentence sticks
Learners who wrote with new words remembered more of them than learners who met the same words in a glossed reading text. A 2022 review of twenty years of follow-up studies counts composition writing among the tasks with the most positive evidence.
Hulstijn & Laufer (2001), Language Learning 51(3). Liu & Reynolds (2022), Behavioral Sciences 12(10).
About 80% vs 36%
Recalling a word beats rereading it
Students learning foreign vocabulary who kept producing the words from memory recalled about 80% of them a week later. Those whose recall practice stopped, even when they kept studying, recalled 36% or less.
So Sentinz brings words back for you to produce, not to reread.
Karpicke & Roediger (2008), Science 319, 966–968.
Fluency runs on sentences
Fluent speakers reuse what they own
Native-like fluency rests on a large store of memorised sentences and sentence stems, which speakers recall whole instead of building every sentence from scratch.
So each sentence you build is one you can reach for in a real conversation.
Pawley & Syder (1983), in Richards & Schmidt (eds.), Language and Communication, Longman.
A1 → A2 → B1
Your exam level is defined in sentences
The European framework behind the inburgering and NT2 exams describes speaking at A1 as “I can use simple phrases and sentences…”, at A2 as “a series of phrases and sentences”, and at B1 as connecting them to describe experiences and events.
Council of Europe, CEFR self-assessment grid (Europass).